/***************************************************************************** * McPAT * SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT * Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. * All Rights Reserved * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer; * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from * this software without specific prior written permission. * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.” * ***************************************************************************/ #include "iocontrollers.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include "XML_Parse.h" #include "basic_components.h" #include "cacti/basic_circuit.h" #include "const.h" #include "io.h" #include "logic.h" #include "parameter.h" /* SUN Niagara 2 I/O power analysis: total signal bits: 711 Total FBDIMM bits: (14+10)*2*8= 384 PCIe bits: (8 + 8)*2 = 32 10Gb NIC: (4*2+4*2)*2 = 32 Debug I/Os: 168 Other I/Os: 711- 32-32 - 384 - 168 = 95 According to "Implementation of an 8-Core, 64-Thread, Power-Efficient SPARC Server on a Chip" 90% of I/Os are SerDers (the calucaltion is 384+64/(711-168)=83% about the same as the 90% reported in the paper) --> around 80Pins are common I/Os. Common I/Os consumes 71mW/Gb/s according to Cadence ChipEstimate @65nm Niagara 2 I/O clock is 1/4 of core clock. --> 87pin (<--((711-168)*17%)) * 71mW/Gb/s *0.25*1.4Ghz = 2.17W Total dynamic power of FBDIMM, NIC, PCIe = 84*0.132 + 84*0.049*0.132 = 11.14 - 2.17 = 8.98 Further, if assuming I/O logic power is about 50% of I/Os then Total energy of FBDIMM, NIC, PCIe = 11.14 - 2.17*1.5 = 7.89 */ /* * A bug in Cadence ChipEstimator: After update the clock rate in the clock tab, * a user need to re-select the IP clock (the same clk) and then click Estimate. * if not reselect the new clock rate may not be propogate into the IPs. * */ NIUController::NIUController(ParseXML* XML_interface, InputParameter* interface_ip_) : XML(XML_interface), interface_ip(*interface_ip_) { local_result = init_interface(&interface_ip); double frontend_area, mac_area, SerDer_area; double frontend_dyn, mac_dyn, SerDer_dyn; double frontend_gates, mac_gates; double pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing; set_niu_param(); if (niup.type == 0) // high performance NIU { // Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2 and Cadence // ChipEstimate using 65nm. mac_area = (1.53 + 0.3) / 2 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2, ISSCC "An // 800mW 10Gb Ethernet Transceiver in 0.13μm CMOS" and"A 1.2-V-Only 900-mW // 10 Gb Ethernet Transceiver and XAUI Interface With Robust VCO Tuning // Technique" Frontend is PCS frontend_area = (9.8 + (6 + 18) * 65 / 130 * 65 / 130) / 3 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2 and Cadence // ChipEstimate hard IP @65nm. SerDer is very hard to scale SerDer_area = (1.39 + 0.36) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); //* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); // total area area.set_area((mac_area + frontend_area + SerDer_area) * 1e6); // Power // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm (mac, front_end are all energy. E=P*T = // P/F = 1.37/1Ghz = 1.37e-9); mac_dyn = 2.19e-9 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_nm / 65.0); // niup.clockRate; //2.19W@1GHz fully active according to // Cadence ChipEstimate @65nm // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; frontend_dyn = 0.27e-9 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_nm / 65.0); // niup.clockRate; // according to "A 100mW 9.6Gb/s Transceiver in 90nm CMOS..." ISSCC 2006 // SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 10mw/Gb/s @90nm SerDer_dyn = 0.01 * 10 * sqrt(interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.09) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2; SerDer_dyn /= niup.clockRate; // covert to energy per clock cycle of whole NIU // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm mac_gates = 111700; frontend_gates = 320000; NMOS_sizing = 5 * g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = 5 * g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } else { // Low power implementations are mostly from Cadence ChipEstimator; // Ignore the multiple IP effect // ---When there are multiple IP (same kind or not) selected, Cadence // ChipEstimator results are not a simple summation of all IPs. Ignore this // effect mac_area = 0.24 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); frontend_area = 0.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // Frontend is the PCS layer SerDer_area = 0.35 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // Compare 130um implementation in "A 1.2-V-Only 900-mW 10 Gb Ethernet // Transceiver and XAUI Interface With Robust VCO Tuning Technique" and the // ChipEstimator XAUI PHY hard IP, confirm that even PHY can scale perfectly // with the technology total area area.set_area((mac_area + frontend_area + SerDer_area) * 1e6); // Power // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm (mac, front_end are all energy. E=P*T = // P/F = 1.37/1Ghz = 1.37e-9); mac_dyn = 1.257e-9 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_nm / 65.0); // niup.clockRate; //2.19W@1GHz fully active according to // Cadence ChipEstimate @65nm // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; frontend_dyn = 0.6e-9 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_nm / 65.0); // niup.clockRate; // SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 216mw/10Gb/s @130nm SerDer_dyn = 0.0216 * 10 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.13) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2; SerDer_dyn /= niup.clockRate; // covert to energy per clock cycle of whole NIU mac_gates = 111700; frontend_gates = 52000; NMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } power_t.readOp.dynamic = mac_dyn + frontend_dyn + SerDer_dyn; power_t.readOp.leakage = (mac_gates + frontend_gates + frontend_gates) * cmos_Isub_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd; // unit W double long_channel_device_reduction = longer_channel_device_reduction(Uncore_device); power_t.readOp.longer_channel_leakage = power_t.readOp.leakage * long_channel_device_reduction; power_t.readOp.gate_leakage = (mac_gates + frontend_gates + frontend_gates) * cmos_Ig_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd; // unit W } void NIUController::computeEnergy(bool is_tdp) { if (is_tdp) { power = power_t; power.readOp.dynamic *= niup.duty_cycle; } else { rt_power = power_t; rt_power.readOp.dynamic *= niup.perc_load; } } void NIUController::displayEnergy(uint32_t indent, int plevel, bool is_tdp) { string indent_str(indent, ' '); string indent_str_next(indent + 2, ' '); bool long_channel = XML->sys.longer_channel_device; if (is_tdp) { cout << "NIU:" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Area = " << area.get_area() * 1e-6 << " mm^2" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Peak Dynamic = " << power.readOp.dynamic * niup.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Subthreshold Leakage = " << (long_channel ? power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage : power.readOp.leakage) << " W" << endl; // cout << indent_str<< "Subthreshold Leakage = " << // power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage <<" W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Gate Leakage = " << power.readOp.gate_leakage << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Runtime Dynamic = " << rt_power.readOp.dynamic * niup.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout << endl; } else { } } void NIUController::set_niu_param() { niup.clockRate = XML->sys.niu.clockrate; niup.clockRate *= 1e6; niup.num_units = XML->sys.niu.number_units; niup.duty_cycle = XML->sys.niu.duty_cycle; niup.perc_load = XML->sys.niu.total_load_perc; niup.type = XML->sys.niu.type; // niup.executionTime = // XML->sys.total_cycles/(XML->sys.target_core_clockrate*1e6); } PCIeController::PCIeController(ParseXML* XML_interface, InputParameter* interface_ip_) : XML(XML_interface), interface_ip(*interface_ip_) { local_result = init_interface(&interface_ip); double ctrl_area, SerDer_area; double ctrl_dyn, SerDer_dyn; double ctrl_gates, SerDer_gates; double pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing; /* Assuming PCIe is bit-slice based architecture * This is the reason for /8 in both area and power calculation * to get per lane numbers */ set_pcie_param(); if (pciep.type == 0) // high performance NIU { // Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2 and Cadence // ChipEstimate @ 65nm. ctrl_area = (5.2 + 0.5) / 2 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2, and Cadence // ChipEstimate @ 65nm. Area estimation based on average of die photo from // Niagara 2 and Cadence ChipEstimate hard IP @65nm. SerDer is very hard to // scale SerDer_area = (3.03 + 0.36) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); //* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); // total area // Power // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm the controller includes everything: the // PHY, the data link and transaction layer ctrl_dyn = 3.75e-9 / 8 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_nm / 65.0); // //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; // frontend_dyn = // 0.27e-9/8*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0); // SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 10mw/Gb/s @90nm SerDer_dyn = 0.01 * 4 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.09) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2; // PCIe 2.0 max per lane speed is 4Gb/s SerDer_dyn /= pciep.clockRate; // covert to energy per clock cycle // power_t.readOp.dynamic = (ctrl_dyn)*pciep.num_channels; // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm ctrl_gates = 900000 / 8 * pciep.num_channels; // frontend_gates = 120000/8; // SerDer_gates = 200000/8; NMOS_sizing = 5 * g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = 5 * g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } else { ctrl_area = 0.412 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2, and Cadence // ChipEstimate @ 65nm. SerDer_area = 0.36 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // total area // Power // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm the controller includes everything: the // PHY, the data link and transaction layer ctrl_dyn = 2.21e-9 / 8 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_nm / 65.0); // //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; // frontend_dyn = // 0.27e-9/8*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0); // SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 10mw/Gb/s @90nm SerDer_dyn = 0.01 * 4 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.09) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2; // PCIe 2.0 max per lane speed is 4Gb/s SerDer_dyn /= pciep.clockRate; // covert to energy per clock cycle // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm ctrl_gates = 200000 / 8 * pciep.num_channels; // frontend_gates = 120000/8; SerDer_gates = 200000 / 8 * pciep.num_channels; NMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } area.set_area(((ctrl_area + (pciep.withPHY ? SerDer_area : 0)) / 8 * pciep.num_channels) * 1e6); power_t.readOp.dynamic = (ctrl_dyn + (pciep.withPHY ? SerDer_dyn : 0)) * pciep.num_channels; power_t.readOp.leakage = (ctrl_gates + (pciep.withPHY ? SerDer_gates : 0)) * cmos_Isub_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd; // unit W double long_channel_device_reduction = longer_channel_device_reduction(Uncore_device); power_t.readOp.longer_channel_leakage = power_t.readOp.leakage * long_channel_device_reduction; power_t.readOp.gate_leakage = (ctrl_gates + (pciep.withPHY ? SerDer_gates : 0)) * cmos_Ig_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd; // unit W } void PCIeController::computeEnergy(bool is_tdp) { if (is_tdp) { power = power_t; power.readOp.dynamic *= pciep.duty_cycle; } else { rt_power = power_t; rt_power.readOp.dynamic *= pciep.perc_load; } } void PCIeController::displayEnergy(uint32_t indent, int plevel, bool is_tdp) { string indent_str(indent, ' '); string indent_str_next(indent + 2, ' '); bool long_channel = XML->sys.longer_channel_device; if (is_tdp) { cout << "PCIe:" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Area = " << area.get_area() * 1e-6 << " mm^2" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Peak Dynamic = " << power.readOp.dynamic * pciep.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Subthreshold Leakage = " << (long_channel ? power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage : power.readOp.leakage) << " W" << endl; // cout << indent_str<< "Subthreshold Leakage = " << // power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage <<" W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Gate Leakage = " << power.readOp.gate_leakage << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Runtime Dynamic = " << rt_power.readOp.dynamic * pciep.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout << endl; } else { } } void PCIeController::set_pcie_param() { pciep.clockRate = XML->sys.pcie.clockrate; pciep.clockRate *= 1e6; pciep.num_units = XML->sys.pcie.number_units; pciep.num_channels = XML->sys.pcie.num_channels; pciep.duty_cycle = XML->sys.pcie.duty_cycle; pciep.perc_load = XML->sys.pcie.total_load_perc; pciep.type = XML->sys.pcie.type; pciep.withPHY = XML->sys.pcie.withPHY; // pciep.executionTime = // XML->sys.total_cycles/(XML->sys.target_core_clockrate*1e6); } FlashController::FlashController(ParseXML* XML_interface, InputParameter* interface_ip_) : XML(XML_interface), interface_ip(*interface_ip_) { local_result = init_interface(&interface_ip); double ctrl_area, SerDer_area; double ctrl_dyn, SerDer_dyn; double ctrl_gates, SerDer_gates; double pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing; /* Assuming PCIe is bit-slice based architecture * This is the reason for /8 in both area and power calculation * to get per lane numbers */ set_fc_param(); if (fcp.type == 0) // high performance NIU { cout << "Current McPAT does not support high performance flash contorller " "since even low power designs are enough for maintain throughput" << endl; exit(0); NMOS_sizing = 5 * g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = 5 * g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } else { ctrl_area = 0.243 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // Area estimation based on Cadence ChipEstimate @ 65nm: NANDFLASH-CTRL from // CAST SerDer_area = 0.36 / 8 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.065); // based On PCIe PHY TSMC65GP from Cadence ChipEstimate @ 65nm, it support // 8x lanes with each lane speed up to 250MB/s (PCIe1.1x) This is already // saturate the 200MB/s of the flash controller core above. ctrl_gates = 129267; SerDer_gates = 200000 / 8; NMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; // Power // Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm the controller 125mW for every 200MB/s // This is power not energy! ctrl_dyn = 0.125 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_nm / 65.0); // SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 10mw/Gb/s @90nm SerDer_dyn = 0.01 * 1.6 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um / 0.09) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2 * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd / 1.2; // max Per controller speed is 1.6Gb/s (200MB/s) } double number_channel = 1 + (fcp.num_channels - 1) * 0.2; area.set_area((ctrl_area + (fcp.withPHY ? SerDer_area : 0)) * 1e6 * number_channel); power_t.readOp.dynamic = (ctrl_dyn + (fcp.withPHY ? SerDer_dyn : 0)) * number_channel; power_t.readOp.leakage = ((ctrl_gates + (fcp.withPHY ? SerDer_gates : 0)) * number_channel) * cmos_Isub_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd; // unit W double long_channel_device_reduction = longer_channel_device_reduction(Uncore_device); power_t.readOp.longer_channel_leakage = power_t.readOp.leakage * long_channel_device_reduction; power_t.readOp.gate_leakage = ((ctrl_gates + (fcp.withPHY ? SerDer_gates : 0)) * number_channel) * cmos_Ig_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand) * g_tp.peri_global.Vdd; // unit W } void FlashController::computeEnergy(bool is_tdp) { if (is_tdp) { power = power_t; power.readOp.dynamic *= fcp.duty_cycle; } else { rt_power = power_t; rt_power.readOp.dynamic *= fcp.perc_load; } } void FlashController::displayEnergy(uint32_t indent, int plevel, bool is_tdp) { string indent_str(indent, ' '); string indent_str_next(indent + 2, ' '); bool long_channel = XML->sys.longer_channel_device; if (is_tdp) { cout << "Flash Controller:" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Area = " << area.get_area() * 1e-6 << " mm^2" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Peak Dynamic = " << power.readOp.dynamic << " W" << endl; // no multiply of clock since this is power already cout << indent_str << "Subthreshold Leakage = " << (long_channel ? power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage : power.readOp.leakage) << " W" << endl; // cout << indent_str<< "Subthreshold Leakage = " << // power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage <<" W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Gate Leakage = " << power.readOp.gate_leakage << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Runtime Dynamic = " << rt_power.readOp.dynamic << " W" << endl; cout << endl; } else { } } void FlashController::set_fc_param() { // fcp.clockRate = XML->sys.flashc.mc_clock; // fcp.clockRate *= 1e6; fcp.peakDataTransferRate = XML->sys.flashc.peak_transfer_rate; fcp.num_channels = ceil(fcp.peakDataTransferRate / 200); fcp.num_mcs = XML->sys.flashc.number_mcs; fcp.duty_cycle = XML->sys.flashc.duty_cycle; fcp.perc_load = XML->sys.flashc.total_load_perc; fcp.type = XML->sys.flashc.type; fcp.withPHY = XML->sys.flashc.withPHY; // flashcp.executionTime = // XML->sys.total_cycles/(XML->sys.target_core_clockrate*1e6); }