AccelWattch dev Integration

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 833 deletions

diff --git a/src/gpuwattch/cacti/wire.cc b/src/gpuwattch/cacti/wire.cc
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index 3da3e84..0000000
--- a/src/gpuwattch/cacti/wire.cc
+++ /dev/null
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-/*****************************************************************************
- *                                McPAT/CACTI
- *                      SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
- *            Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
- *                          All Rights Reserved
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
- * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
- * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
-
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.”
- *
- ***************************************************************************/
-
-#include "wire.h"
-#include "cmath"
-// use this constructor to calculate wire stats
-Wire::Wire(
-    enum Wire_type wire_model,
-    double wl,
-    int n,
-    double w_s,
-    double s_s,
-    enum Wire_placement wp,
-    double _resistivity,
-    TechnologyParameter::DeviceType *dt
-    ):wt(wire_model), wire_length(wl*1e-6), nsense(n), w_scale(w_s), s_scale(s_s),
-    resistivity(_resistivity), deviceType(dt)
-{
-
-  wire_placement = wp;
-  min_w_pmos     = deviceType->n_to_p_eff_curr_drv_ratio*g_tp.min_w_nmos_;
-  in_rise_time   = 0;
-  out_rise_time  = 0;
-  if (initialized != 1) {
-    cout << "Wire not initialized. Initializing it with default values\n";
-    Wire winit;
-  }
-  calculate_wire_stats();
-  // change everything back to seconds, microns, and Joules
-  repeater_spacing *= 1e6;
-  wire_length      *= 1e6;
-  wire_width       *= 1e6;
-  wire_spacing     *= 1e6;
-  assert(wire_length > 0);
-  assert(power.readOp.dynamic > 0);
-  assert(power.readOp.leakage > 0);
-  assert(power.readOp.gate_leakage > 0);
-}
-
-    // the following values are for peripheral global technology
-    // specified in the input config file
-    Component Wire::global;
-    Component Wire::global_5;
-    Component Wire::global_10;
-    Component Wire::global_20;
-    Component Wire::global_30;
-    Component Wire::low_swing;
-
-    int Wire::initialized;
-    double Wire::wire_width_init;
-    double Wire::wire_spacing_init;
-
-
-Wire::Wire(double w_s, double s_s, enum Wire_placement wp, double resis, TechnologyParameter::DeviceType *dt)
-{
-  w_scale        = w_s;
-  s_scale        = s_s;
-  deviceType     = dt;
-  wire_placement = wp;
-  resistivity    = resis;
-  min_w_pmos     = deviceType->n_to_p_eff_curr_drv_ratio * g_tp.min_w_nmos_;
-  in_rise_time   = 0;
-  out_rise_time  = 0;
-
-  switch (wire_placement)
-  {
-    case outside_mat: wire_width = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.pitch; break;
-    case inside_mat : wire_width = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.pitch;  break;
-    default:          wire_width = g_tp.wire_local.pitch; break;
-  }
-
-  wire_spacing = wire_width;
-
-  wire_width   *= (w_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */;
-  wire_spacing *= (s_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */;
-
-  initialized = 1;
-  init_wire();
-  wire_width_init = wire_width;
-  wire_spacing_init = wire_spacing;
-
-  assert(power.readOp.dynamic > 0);
-  assert(power.readOp.leakage > 0);
-  assert(power.readOp.gate_leakage > 0);
-}
-
-
-
-Wire::~Wire()
-{
-}
-
-
-
-void
-Wire::calculate_wire_stats()
-{
-
-  if (wire_placement == outside_mat) {
-    wire_width = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.pitch;
-  }
-  else if (wire_placement == inside_mat) {
-    wire_width = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.pitch;
-  }
-  else {
-    wire_width = g_tp.wire_local.pitch;
-  }
-
-  wire_spacing = wire_width;
-
-  wire_width   *= (w_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */;
-  wire_spacing *= (s_scale * 1e-6/2) /* (m) */;
-
-
-  if (wt != Low_swing) {
-
-	  //    delay_optimal_wire();
-
-	  if (wt == Global) {
-		  delay = global.delay * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.dynamic = global.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.leakage = global.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.gate_leakage = global.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length;
-		  repeater_spacing = global.area.w;
-		  repeater_size = global.area.h;
-		  area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) *
-				  compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size,
-						  g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def));
-	  }
-	  else if (wt == Global_5) {
-		  delay = global_5.delay * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.dynamic = global_5.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.leakage = global_5.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_5.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length;
-		  repeater_spacing = global_5.area.w;
-		  repeater_size = global_5.area.h;
-		  area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) *
-				  compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size,
-						  g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def));
-	  }
-	  else if (wt == Global_10) {
-		  delay = global_10.delay * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.dynamic = global_10.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.leakage = global_10.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_10.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length;
-		  repeater_spacing = global_10.area.w;
-		  repeater_size = global_10.area.h;
-		  area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) *
-				  compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size,
-						  g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def));
-	  }
-	  else if (wt == Global_20) {
-		  delay = global_20.delay * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.dynamic = global_20.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.leakage = global_20.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_20.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length;
-		  repeater_spacing = global_20.area.w;
-		  repeater_size = global_20.area.h;
-		  area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) *
-				  compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size,
-						  g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def));
-	  }
-	  else if (wt == Global_30) {
-		  delay = global_30.delay * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.dynamic = global_30.power.readOp.dynamic * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.leakage = global_30.power.readOp.leakage * wire_length;
-		  power.readOp.gate_leakage = global_30.power.readOp.gate_leakage * wire_length;
-		  repeater_spacing = global_30.area.w;
-		  repeater_size = global_30.area.h;
-		  area.set_area((wire_length/repeater_spacing) *
-				  compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_size,
-						  g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_size, g_tp.cell_h_def));
-	  }
-    out_rise_time = delay*repeater_spacing/deviceType->Vth;
-  }
-  else if (wt == Low_swing) {
-    low_swing_model ();
-    repeater_spacing = wire_length;
-    repeater_size = 1;
-  }
-  else {
-    assert(0);
-  }
-}
-
-
-
-/*
- * The fall time of an input signal to the first stage of a circuit is
- * assumed to be same as the fall time of the output signal of two
- * inverters connected in series (refer: CACTI 1 Technical report,
- * section 6.1.3)
- */
-  double
-Wire::signal_fall_time ()
-{
-
-  /* rise time of inverter 1's output */
-  double rt;
-  /* fall time of inverter 2's output */
-  double ft;
-  double timeconst;
-
-  timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) *
-    tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1);
-  rt = horowitz (0, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, FALL) / (deviceType->Vdd - deviceType->Vth);
-  timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) *
-    tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1);
-  ft = horowitz (rt, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE) / deviceType->Vth;
-  return ft;
-}
-
-
-
-double Wire::signal_rise_time ()
-{
-
-  /* rise time of inverter 1's output */
-  double ft;
-  /* fall time of inverter 2's output */
-  double rt;
-  double timeconst;
-
-  timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) *
-    tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1);
-  rt = horowitz (0, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE) / deviceType->Vth;
-  timeconst = (drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-      gate_C(min_w_pmos + g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)) *
-    tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1);
-  ft = horowitz (rt, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, FALL) / (deviceType->Vdd - deviceType->Vth);
-  return ft; //sec
-}
-
-
-
-/* Wire resistance and capacitance calculations
- *   wire width
- *
- *    /__/
- *   |  |
- *   |  |  height = ASPECT_RATIO*wire width (ASPECT_RATIO = 2.2, ref: ITRS)
- *   |__|/
- *
- *   spacing between wires in same level = wire width
- *   spacing between wires in adjacent levels = wire width---this is incorrect,
- *   according to R.Ho's paper and thesis. ILD != wire width
- *
- */
-
-double Wire::wire_cap (double len /* in m */, bool call_from_outside)
-{
-	//TODO: this should be consistent with the wire_res in technology file
-  double sidewall, adj, tot_cap;
-  double wire_height;
-  double epsilon0 = 8.8542e-12;
-  double aspect_ratio, horiz_dielectric_constant, vert_dielectric_constant, miller_value,ild_thickness;
-
-  switch (wire_placement)
-  {
-    case outside_mat:
-    	{
-    		aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.aspect_ratio;
-    		horiz_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.horiz_dielectric_constant;
-    		vert_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.vert_dielectric_constant;
-    		miller_value = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.miller_value;
-    		ild_thickness = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.ild_thickness;
-    		break;
-    	}
-    case inside_mat :
-    	{
-    		aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.aspect_ratio;
-    		horiz_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.horiz_dielectric_constant;
-    		vert_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.vert_dielectric_constant;
-    		miller_value = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.miller_value;
-    		ild_thickness = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.ild_thickness;
-    		break;
-    	}
-    default:
-    	{
-    		aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_local.aspect_ratio;
-    		horiz_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_local.horiz_dielectric_constant;
-    		vert_dielectric_constant = g_tp.wire_local.vert_dielectric_constant;
-    		miller_value = g_tp.wire_local.miller_value;
-    		ild_thickness = g_tp.wire_local.ild_thickness;
-    		break;
-    	}
-  }
-
-  if (call_from_outside)
-  {
-	  wire_width       *= 1e-6;
-	  wire_spacing     *= 1e-6;
-  }
-  wire_height = wire_width/w_scale*aspect_ratio;
-  /*
-   * assuming height does not change. wire_width = width_original*w_scale
-   * So wire_height does not change as wire width increases
-   */
-
-// capacitance between wires in the same level
-//  sidewall = 2*miller_value * horiz_dielectric_constant * (wire_height/wire_spacing)
-//    * epsilon0;
-
-  sidewall = miller_value * horiz_dielectric_constant * (wire_height/wire_spacing)
-    * epsilon0;
-
-
-  // capacitance between wires in adjacent levels
-  //adj = miller_value * vert_dielectric_constant *w_scale * epsilon0;
-  //adj = 2*vert_dielectric_constant *wire_width/(ild_thickness*1e-6) * epsilon0;
-
-  adj = miller_value *vert_dielectric_constant *wire_width/(ild_thickness*1e-6) * epsilon0;
-  //Change ild_thickness from micron to M
-
-  //tot_cap =  (sidewall + adj + (deviceType->C_fringe * 1e6)); //F/m
-  tot_cap =  (sidewall + adj + (g_tp.fringe_cap * 1e6)); //F/m
-
-  if (call_from_outside)
-  {
-	  wire_width       *= 1e6;
-	  wire_spacing     *= 1e6;
-  }
-  return (tot_cap*len); // (F)
-}
-
-
-  double
-Wire::wire_res (double len /*(in m)*/)
-{
-
-	  double aspect_ratio,alpha_scatter =1.05, dishing_thickness=0, barrier_thickness=0;
-	  //TODO: this should be consistent with the wire_res in technology file
-	  //The whole computation should be consistent with the wire_res in technology.cc too!
-
-	  switch (wire_placement)
-	  {
-	  case outside_mat:
-	  {
-		  aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_outside_mat.aspect_ratio;
-		  break;
-	  }
-	  case inside_mat :
-	  {
-		  aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_inside_mat.aspect_ratio;
-		  break;
-	  }
-	  default:
-	  {
-		  aspect_ratio = g_tp.wire_local.aspect_ratio;
-		  break;
-	  }
-	  }
-	  return (alpha_scatter * resistivity * 1e-6 * len/((aspect_ratio*wire_width/w_scale-dishing_thickness - barrier_thickness)*
-			  (wire_width-2*barrier_thickness)));
-}
-
-/*
- * Calculates the delay, power and area of the transmitter circuit.
- *
- * The transmitter delay is the sum of nand gate delay, inverter delay
- * low swing nmos delay, and the wire delay
- * (ref: Technical report 6)
- */
-  void
-Wire::low_swing_model()
-{
-  double len = wire_length;
-  double beta = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio();
-
-
-  double inputrise = (in_rise_time == 0) ? signal_rise_time() : in_rise_time;
-
-  /* Final nmos low swing driver size calculation:
-   * Try to size the driver such that the delay
-   * is less than 8FO4.
-   * If the driver size is greater than
-   * the max allowable size, assume max size for the driver.
-   * In either case, recalculate the delay using
-   * the final driver size assuming slow input with
-   * finite rise time instead of ideal step input
-   *
-   * (ref: Technical report 6)
-   */
-  double cwire = wire_cap(len); /* load capacitance */
-  double rwire = wire_res(len);
-
-#define RES_ADJ (8.6) // Increase in resistance due to low driving vol.
-
-  double driver_res = (-8*g_tp.FO4/(log(0.5) * cwire))/RES_ADJ;
-  double nsize = R_to_w(driver_res, NCH);
-
-  nsize = MIN(nsize, g_tp.max_w_nmos_);
-  nsize = MAX(nsize, g_tp.min_w_nmos_);
-
-  if(rwire*cwire > 8*g_tp.FO4)
-  {
-    nsize = g_tp.max_w_nmos_;
-  }
-
-  // size the inverter appropriately to minimize the transmitter delay
-  // Note - In order to minimize leakage, we are not adding a set of inverters to
-  // bring down delay. Instead, we are sizing the single gate
-  // based on the logical effort.
-  double st_eff   = sqrt((2+beta/1+beta)*gate_C(nsize, 0)/(gate_C(2*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0)
-        + gate_C(2*min_w_pmos, 0)));
-  double req_cin  = ((2+beta/1+beta)*gate_C(nsize, 0))/st_eff;
-  double inv_size = req_cin/(gate_C(min_w_pmos, 0) + gate_C(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0));
-  inv_size = MAX(inv_size, 1);
-
-  /* nand gate delay */
-  double res_eq = (2 * tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1));
-  double cap_eq = 2 * drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    drain_C_(2*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    gate_C(inv_size*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, 0) +
-    gate_C(inv_size*min_w_pmos, 0);
-
-  double timeconst = res_eq * cap_eq;
-
-  delay = horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd,
-      deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE);
-  double temp_power = cap_eq*deviceType->Vdd*deviceType->Vdd;
-
-  inputrise = delay / (deviceType->Vdd - deviceType->Vth); /* for the next stage */
-
-  /* Inverter delay:
-   * The load capacitance of this inv depends on
-   * the gate capacitance of the final stage nmos
-   * transistor which in turn depends on nsize
-   */
-  res_eq = tr_R_on(inv_size*min_w_pmos, PCH, 1);
-  cap_eq = drain_C_(inv_size*min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    drain_C_(inv_size*g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    gate_C(nsize, 0);
-  timeconst = res_eq * cap_eq;
-
-  delay += horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd,
-      deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, FALL);
-  temp_power += cap_eq*deviceType->Vdd*deviceType->Vdd;
-
-
-  transmitter.delay = delay;
-  transmitter.power.readOp.dynamic = temp_power*2; /* since it is a diff. model*/
-  transmitter.power.readOp.leakage = deviceType->Vdd *
-    (4 * cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 2, nand) +
-     4 * cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 1, inv));
-
-  transmitter.power.readOp.gate_leakage = deviceType->Vdd *
-    (4 * cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 2, nand) +
-     4 * cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, min_w_pmos, 1, inv));
-
-  inputrise = delay / deviceType->Vth;
-
-  /* nmos delay + wire delay */
-  cap_eq = cwire + drain_C_(nsize, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def)*2 +
-    nsense * sense_amp_input_cap(); //+receiver cap
-  /*
-   * NOTE: nmos is used as both pull up and pull down transistor
-   * in the transmitter. This is because for low voltage swing, drive
-   * resistance of nmos is less than pmos
-   * (for a detailed graph ref: On-Chip Wires: Scaling and Efficiency)
-   */
-  timeconst = (tr_R_on(nsize, NCH, 1)*RES_ADJ) * (cwire +
-      drain_C_(nsize, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def)*2) +
-    rwire*cwire/2 +
-    (tr_R_on(nsize, NCH, 1)*RES_ADJ + rwire) *
-    nsense * sense_amp_input_cap();
-
-  /*
-   * since we are pre-equalizing and overdriving the low
-   * swing wires, the net time constant is less
-   * than the actual value
-   */
-  delay += horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, .25, 0);
-#define VOL_SWING .1
-  temp_power += cap_eq*VOL_SWING*.400; /* .4v is the over drive voltage */
-  temp_power *= 2; /* differential wire */
-
-  l_wire.delay = delay - transmitter.delay;
-  l_wire.power.readOp.dynamic = temp_power - transmitter.power.readOp.dynamic;
-  l_wire.power.readOp.leakage = deviceType->Vdd*
-    (4* cmos_Isub_leakage(nsize, 0, 1, nmos));
-
-  l_wire.power.readOp.gate_leakage = deviceType->Vdd*
-    (4* cmos_Ig_leakage(nsize, 0, 1, nmos));
-
-  //double rt = horowitz(inputrise, timeconst, deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd,
-  //    deviceType->Vth/deviceType->Vdd, RISE)/deviceType->Vth;
-
-  delay += g_tp.sense_delay;
-
-  sense_amp.delay = g_tp.sense_delay;
-  out_rise_time = g_tp.sense_delay/(deviceType->Vth);
-  sense_amp.power.readOp.dynamic = g_tp.sense_dy_power;
-  sense_amp.power.readOp.leakage = 0; //FIXME
-  sense_amp.power.readOp.gate_leakage = 0;
-
-  power.readOp.dynamic = temp_power + sense_amp.power.readOp.dynamic;
-  power.readOp.leakage = transmitter.power.readOp.leakage +
-                         l_wire.power.readOp.leakage +
-                         sense_amp.power.readOp.leakage;
-  power.readOp.gate_leakage = transmitter.power.readOp.gate_leakage +
-                         l_wire.power.readOp.gate_leakage +
-                         sense_amp.power.readOp.gate_leakage;
-}
-
-  double
-Wire::sense_amp_input_cap()
-{
-  return drain_C_(g_tp.w_iso, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    gate_C(g_tp.w_sense_en + g_tp.w_sense_n, 0) +
-    drain_C_(g_tp.w_sense_n, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    drain_C_(g_tp.w_sense_p, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def);
-}
-
-
-void Wire::delay_optimal_wire ()
-{
-  double len       = wire_length;
-  //double min_wire_width = wire_width; //m
-  double beta = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio();
-  double switching = 0;  // switching energy
-  double short_ckt = 0;  // short-circuit energy
-  double tc        = 0;  // time constant
-  // input cap of min sized driver
-  double input_cap = gate_C(g_tp.min_w_nmos_ + min_w_pmos, 0);
-
-   // output parasitic capacitance of
-   // the min. sized driver
-  double out_cap = drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def);
-  // drive resistance
-  double out_res = (tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1) +
-      tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1))/2;
-  double wr = wire_res(len); //ohm
-
-  // wire cap /m
-  double wc = wire_cap(len);
-
-  // size the repeater such that the delay of the wire is minimum
-  double repeater_scaling = sqrt(out_res*wc/(wr*input_cap)); // len will cancel
-
-   // calc the optimum spacing between the repeaters (m)
-
-  repeater_spacing = sqrt(2 * out_res * (out_cap + input_cap)/
-      ((wr/len)*(wc/len)));
-  repeater_size = repeater_scaling;
-
-  switching = (repeater_scaling * (input_cap + out_cap) +
-      repeater_spacing * (wc/len)) * deviceType->Vdd * deviceType->Vdd;
-
-  tc = out_res * (input_cap + out_cap) +
-    out_res * wc/len * repeater_spacing/repeater_scaling +
-    wr/len * repeater_spacing * input_cap * repeater_scaling +
-    0.5 * (wr/len) * (wc/len)* repeater_spacing * repeater_spacing;
-
-  delay = 0.693 * tc * len/repeater_spacing;
-
-#define Ishort_ckt 65e-6 /* across all tech Ref:Banerjee et al. {IEEE TED} */
-  short_ckt = deviceType->Vdd * g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * Ishort_ckt * 1.0986 *
-    repeater_scaling * tc;
-
-  area.set_area((len/repeater_spacing) *
-                compute_gate_area(INV, 1, min_w_pmos * repeater_scaling,
-                                          g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * repeater_scaling, g_tp.cell_h_def));
-  power.readOp.dynamic = ((len/repeater_spacing)*(switching + short_ckt));
-  power.readOp.leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)*
-      deviceType->Vdd*
-      cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, 1, inv));
-  power.readOp.gate_leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)*
-      deviceType->Vdd*
-      cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_scaling, 1, inv));
-}
-
-
-
-// calculate power/delay values for wires with suboptimal repeater sizing/spacing
-void
-Wire::init_wire(){
-  wire_length = 1;
-  delay_optimal_wire();
-    double sp, si;
-  powerDef pow;
-  si = repeater_size;
-  sp = repeater_spacing;
-  sp *= 1e6; // in microns
-
-  double i, j, del;
-  repeated_wire.push_back(Component());
-  for (j=sp; j < 4*sp; j+=100) {
-    for (i = si; i > 1; i--) {
-      pow = wire_model(j*1e-6, i, &del);
-      if (j == sp && i == si) {
-        global.delay = del;
-        global.power = pow;
-        global.area.h = si;
-        global.area.w = sp*1e-6; // m
-      }
-//      cout << "Repeater size - "<< i <<
-//        " Repeater spacing - " << j <<
-//        " Delay - " << del <<
-//        " PowerD - " << pow.readOp.dynamic <<
-//        " PowerL - " << pow.readOp.leakage <<endl;
-      repeated_wire.back().delay = del;
-      repeated_wire.back().power.readOp = pow.readOp;
-      repeated_wire.back().area.w = j*1e-6; //m
-      repeated_wire.back().area.h = i;
-      repeated_wire.push_back(Component());
-
-    }
-  }
-  repeated_wire.pop_back();
-  update_fullswing();
-  Wire *l_wire = new Wire(Low_swing, 0.001/* 1 mm*/, 1);
-  low_swing.delay = l_wire->delay;
-  low_swing.power = l_wire->power;
-  delete l_wire;
-}
-
-
-
-void Wire::update_fullswing()
-{
-
-  list<Component>::iterator citer;
-  double del[4];
-  del[3] = this->global.delay + this->global.delay*.3;
-  del[2] = global.delay + global.delay*.2;
-  del[1] = global.delay + global.delay*.1;
-  del[0] = global.delay + global.delay*.05;
-  double threshold;
-  double ncost;
-  double cost;
-  int i = 4;
-  while (i>0) {
-    threshold = del[i-1];
-    cost = BIGNUM;
-    for (citer = repeated_wire.begin(); citer != repeated_wire.end(); citer++)
-    {
-      if (citer->delay > threshold) {
-        citer = repeated_wire.erase(citer);
-        citer --;
-      }
-      else {
-        ncost = citer->power.readOp.dynamic/global.power.readOp.dynamic +
-                citer->power.readOp.leakage/global.power.readOp.leakage;
-        if(ncost < cost)
-        {
-          cost = ncost;
-          if (i == 4) {
-            global_30.delay = citer->delay;
-            global_30.power = citer->power;
-            global_30.area  = citer->area;
-          }
-          else if (i==3) {
-            global_20.delay = citer->delay;
-            global_20.power = citer->power;
-            global_20.area  = citer->area;
-          }
-          else if(i==2) {
-            global_10.delay = citer->delay;
-            global_10.power = citer->power;
-            global_10.area  = citer->area;
-          }
-          else if(i==1) {
-            global_5.delay = citer->delay;
-            global_5.power = citer->power;
-            global_5.area  = citer->area;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    i--;
-  }
-}
-
-
-
-powerDef Wire::wire_model (double space, double size, double *delay)
-{
-  powerDef ptemp;
-  double len = 1;
-  //double min_wire_width = wire_width; //m
-  double beta = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio();
-  // switching energy
-  double switching = 0;
-  // short-circuit energy
-  double short_ckt = 0;
-  // time constant
-  double tc = 0;
-  // input cap of min sized driver
-  double input_cap = gate_C (g_tp.min_w_nmos_ +
-      min_w_pmos, 0);
-
-   // output parasitic capacitance of
-   // the min. sized driver
-  double out_cap = drain_C_(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def) +
-    drain_C_(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1, 1, g_tp.cell_h_def);
-  // drive resistance
-  double out_res = (tr_R_on(g_tp.min_w_nmos_, NCH, 1) +
-      tr_R_on(min_w_pmos, PCH, 1))/2;
-  double wr = wire_res(len); //ohm
-
-  // wire cap /m
-  double wc = wire_cap(len);
-
-  repeater_spacing = space;
-  repeater_size = size;
-
-  switching = (repeater_size * (input_cap + out_cap) +
-      repeater_spacing * (wc/len)) * deviceType->Vdd * deviceType->Vdd;
-
-  tc = out_res * (input_cap + out_cap) +
-    out_res * wc/len * repeater_spacing/repeater_size +
-    wr/len * repeater_spacing * out_cap * repeater_size +
-    0.5 * (wr/len) * (wc/len)* repeater_spacing * repeater_spacing;
-
-  *delay = 0.693 * tc * len/repeater_spacing;
-
-#define Ishort_ckt 65e-6 /* across all tech Ref:Banerjee et al. {IEEE TED} */
-  short_ckt = deviceType->Vdd * g_tp.min_w_nmos_ * Ishort_ckt * 1.0986 *
-    repeater_size * tc;
-
-  ptemp.readOp.dynamic = ((len/repeater_spacing)*(switching + short_ckt));
-  ptemp.readOp.leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)*
-      deviceType->Vdd*
-      cmos_Isub_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, 1, inv));
-
-  ptemp.readOp.gate_leakage = ((len/repeater_spacing)*
-      deviceType->Vdd*
-      cmos_Ig_leakage(g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, beta*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*repeater_size, 1, inv));
-
-  return ptemp;
-}
-
-void
-Wire::print_wire()
-{
-
-  cout << "\nWire Properties:\n\n";
-  cout << "  Delay Optimal\n\tRepeater size - "<< global.area.h <<
-    " \n\tRepeater spacing - " << global.area.w*1e3 << " (mm)"
-    " \n\tDelay - " << global.delay*1e6 <<  " (ns/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerD - " << global.power.readOp.dynamic *1e6<< " (nJ/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerL - " << global.power.readOp.leakage << " (mW/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerLgate - " << global.power.readOp.gate_leakage << " (mW/mm)\n";
-  cout << "\tWire width - " <<wire_width_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout << "\tWire spacing - " <<wire_spacing_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout <<endl;
-
-  cout << "  5% Overhead\n\tRepeater size - "<< global_5.area.h <<
-    " \n\tRepeater spacing - " << global_5.area.w*1e3 << " (mm)"
-    " \n\tDelay - " << global_5.delay *1e6<<  " (ns/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerD - " << global_5.power.readOp.dynamic *1e6<< " (nJ/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerL - " << global_5.power.readOp.leakage << " (mW/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerLgate - " << global_5.power.readOp.gate_leakage << " (mW/mm)\n";
-  cout << "\tWire width - " <<wire_width_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout << "\tWire spacing - " <<wire_spacing_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout <<endl;
-  cout << "  10% Overhead\n\tRepeater size - "<< global_10.area.h <<
-    " \n\tRepeater spacing - " << global_10.area.w*1e3 << " (mm)"
-    " \n\tDelay - " << global_10.delay *1e6<<  " (ns/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerD - " << global_10.power.readOp.dynamic *1e6<< " (nJ/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerL - " << global_10.power.readOp.leakage << " (mW/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerLgate - " << global_10.power.readOp.gate_leakage << " (mW/mm)\n";
-  cout << "\tWire width - " <<wire_width_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout << "\tWire spacing - " <<wire_spacing_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout <<endl;
-  cout << "  20% Overhead\n\tRepeater size - "<< global_20.area.h <<
-    " \n\tRepeater spacing - " << global_20.area.w*1e3 << " (mm)"
-    " \n\tDelay - " << global_20.delay *1e6<<  " (ns/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerD - " << global_20.power.readOp.dynamic *1e6<< " (nJ/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerL - " << global_20.power.readOp.leakage << " (mW/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerLgate - " << global_20.power.readOp.gate_leakage << " (mW/mm)\n";
-  cout << "\tWire width - " <<wire_width_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout << "\tWire spacing - " <<wire_spacing_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout <<endl;
-  cout << "  30% Overhead\n\tRepeater size - "<< global_30.area.h <<
-    " \n\tRepeater spacing - " << global_30.area.w*1e3 << " (mm)"
-    " \n\tDelay - " << global_30.delay *1e6<<  " (ns/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerD - " << global_30.power.readOp.dynamic *1e6<< " (nJ/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerL - " << global_30.power.readOp.leakage << " (mW/mm)"
-    " \n\tPowerLgate - " << global_30.power.readOp.gate_leakage << " (mW/mm)\n";
-  cout << "\tWire width - " <<wire_width_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout << "\tWire spacing - " <<wire_spacing_init*1e6 << " microns\n";
-  cout <<endl;
-  cout << "  Low-swing wire (1 mm) - Note: Unlike repeated wires, \n\tdelay and power "
-            "values of low-swing wires do not\n\thave a linear relationship with length." <<
-      " \n\tdelay - " << low_swing.delay *1e9<<  " (ns)"
-      " \n\tpowerD - " << low_swing.power.readOp.dynamic *1e9<< " (nJ)"
-      " \n\tPowerL - " << low_swing.power.readOp.leakage << " (mW)"
-      " \n\tPowerLgate - " << low_swing.power.readOp.gate_leakage << " (mW)\n";
-  cout << "\tWire width - " <<wire_width_init * 2 /* differential */<< " microns\n";
-  cout << "\tWire spacing - " <<wire_spacing_init * 2 /* differential */<< " microns\n";
-  cout <<endl;
-  cout <<endl;
-
-}
-